代表作3
英文原文如下
Creating rule of law with Chinese characteristics ZHANG YI
The development of the country's legal system embodies the essence of Chinese legal culture while embracing useful aspects of foreign law, experts said.
At the first central conference on law-based governance in November last year, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Xi Jinping said that China should explore a legal path derived from its practice of revolution, construction and reform. He also said that the law in China should embody the excellence of traditional Chinese legal culture and draw lessons from beneficial legal achievements from abroad. The meeting marked the establishment of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law.
Xi highlighted the Chinese path of the rule of law as early as 2014, during the fourth plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. He said in comprehensively advancing the rule of law, it is imperative that China take the right path and pursuing a wrong path would take the country in the opposite direction of what it was trying to accomplish.
Wang Xigen, dean of the school of law at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, Hubei province, said that the Party's leadership is the most important aspect of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.
"It's the most fundamental guarantee for the pooling of efforts and resources in accomplishing major tasks, and gives full play to the advantages of the rule of law," he said.
The rule of law in China upholds the principal position of the people, Wang said. "It relies on, serves, protects and respects the people and safeguards human rights," he said.
Jiang Shigong, a law professor at Peking University, said that the rule of law is like "a set of tools" that embodies fundamental values. "Laws in China are not designed to protect the interests of capitalists, but to protect public welfare and the interests of all the people," Jiang said.
The significance of socialist rule of law was stressed in a landmark resolution on the major achievements and historical experiences of the Communist Party of China over the past century. The resolution, adopted at the sixth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee held from Nov 8 to 11, stressed that the Party must remain committed to the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.
Jiang said that in building the rule of law, China cannot simply copy the West and become a part of the Western legal system, but must seek to integrate its traditions and explore a legal order suited to its civilization.
The rule of law in China should be rooted in the country and its cultural traditions, he said, adding that Chinese culture and values, including patriotism, have been reflected and valued in the rule of law.
Wang said the "excellent and profound" legal culture embodied in the Chinese legal system should be maintained, including the legal traditions of "judging all by law" and "advocating morals and punishing prudently".
China has persisted in its commitment to both the rule of law and to the rule of virtue, he said, adding that "the country is integrating core socialist values into its legal system".
In 2018, the CPC Central Committee announced a plan to fully incorporate core socialist values into legislation over the next five to 10 years. The plan requires the legislation, revision and explanation of laws that embody core socialist values. "Laws and regulations should better reflect the nation's values, the moral orientation of society and the moral standards of citizens," it stated.
Economic laws should uphold the protection of property rights and fair competition, while judicial system reforms should ensure that the people see that justice is served in every case.
China will work on laws conducive to the preservation and development of traditional culture, standardized and equal public services, and promotion of eco-friendly production and consumption.
The National People's Congress, China's top legislature, has been tasked with drafting laws that uphold social morality, such as those protecting the reputations of heroes and martyrs, as well as laws related to the social credit system.
Opening to the outside
Jiang said that in the era of globalization, China's rule of law will undoubtedly be influenced by the West and the country will learn from beneficial aspects of Western law. "This does not conflict with adherence to the socialist rule of law," he added.
China has absorbed many Western legal achievements since reform and opening-up began, especially ones related to the market economy, Jiang said. In civil and commercial laws, as well as economic law, Western legal concepts have been taken into account.
Jiang said China has also been promoting the construction of the rule of law in matters involving foreign legal entities and has trained legal talent on a large scale.
China issued a plan on building the rule of law in January, the country's first plan for advancing the rule of law. It stated that China will improve the legal system and rules related to foreign interests to meet the needs of opening up to the outside world.
According to the plan, China will actively participate in the formulation of international rules, promote the formation of a fair and reasonable international legal system, and accelerate the construction of a legal system applicable outside its jurisdiction.
Jiang said that in the future China will gradually form a unique legal tradition, which will not only absorb modern Western traditions, but also incorporate classical Chinese traditions.
譯文如下：
堅(jiān)持中國特色社會(huì)主義法治道路
（2021年12月3日《中國日?qǐng)?bào)》頭版見報(bào)轉(zhuǎn)3版）
中國日?qǐng)?bào)記者：張怡
法學(xué)專家表示，中國的法律體系建設(shè)既傳承了中國法律文化的精髓，同時(shí)也吸收借鑒了國外法律的有益成果。
2020年11月，中央全面依法治國工作會(huì)議召開。會(huì)上，習(xí)近平總書記強(qiáng)調(diào)，要從我國革命、建設(shè)、改革的實(shí)踐中探索適合自己的法治道路。習(xí)近平總書記指出，要傳承中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)法律文化，同時(shí)借鑒國外法治有益成果。這次會(huì)議首次提出并系統(tǒng)闡述了習(xí)近平法治思想。
早在2014年，習(xí)近平總書記在十八屆四中全會(huì)上就強(qiáng)調(diào)了中國法治道路的重要性。他指出，全面推進(jìn)依法治國，必須走對(duì)路。如果路走錯(cuò)了，就會(huì)南轅北轍了。
華中科技大學(xué)法學(xué)院院長汪習(xí)根說，堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是中國特色社會(huì)主義法治的最顯著特征。
“這是凝聚合力、集中力量辦大事、發(fā)揮依法治國最大優(yōu)勢(shì)的最根本保證。”他說。
汪習(xí)根表示，依法治國始終堅(jiān)持人民的主體地位。“一切依靠人民、為了人民、保護(hù)人民，并且尊重和保障人權(quán)。”
北京大學(xué)法學(xué)教授強(qiáng)世功表示，法治就像是“一套工具”，它體現(xiàn)著最基本的價(jià)值。“中國的法律不是為了保護(hù)資本家的利益，而是為了保護(hù)全體人民的福祉和利益。”
《中共中央關(guān)于黨的百年奮斗重大成就和歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)的決議》中也強(qiáng)調(diào)了堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義法治的重要性。2021年11月8日至11日召開的黨的十九屆六中全會(huì)審議通過了這份《決議》，它強(qiáng)調(diào)必須堅(jiān)持走中國特色社會(huì)主義法治道路。
強(qiáng)世功表示，中國法治建設(shè)不可能簡單照搬照抄西方的法治秩序，成為西方法系的一部分，而必須融入到自己的文明傳統(tǒng)中，探尋與自己的文明秩序相匹配的法治秩序。
中國法治要扎根中國大地，扎根中國文化傳統(tǒng)。中國文化和價(jià)值觀，例如愛國主義，在中國法治中都有體現(xiàn)，他補(bǔ)充說道。
汪習(xí)根指出，中國法律體系中體現(xiàn)的優(yōu)秀深厚的法律文化，例如“一斷于法”、“明德慎罰”等，應(yīng)該被傳承下去。
他表示，中國堅(jiān)持依法治國和以德治國相結(jié)合。“中國正在把社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀融入法治體系之中。”
2018年，中共中央印發(fā)了《社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀融入法治建設(shè)立法修法規(guī)劃》（以下簡稱《規(guī)劃》），強(qiáng)調(diào)力爭(zhēng)經(jīng)過5到10年時(shí)間，推動(dòng)社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀全面融入中國特色社會(huì)主義法律體系。《規(guī)劃》要求把核心價(jià)值觀融入立法、修法以及法律的闡釋中。《規(guī)劃》指出，法律法規(guī)要更好體現(xiàn)國家的價(jià)值目標(biāo)、社會(huì)的價(jià)值取向、公民的價(jià)值準(zhǔn)則。
《規(guī)劃》明確，社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)法律制度要以保護(hù)產(chǎn)權(quán)、公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)等為基本導(dǎo)向；司法體制改革要努力讓人民群眾在每一個(gè)案件中感受到公平正義。
《規(guī)劃》指出，中國要建立健全有利于中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承發(fā)展的法律制度；推動(dòng)基本公共服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、均等化；加快建立綠色生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的法律制度。
此外，《規(guī)劃》還明確，中國將加強(qiáng)關(guān)于道德領(lǐng)域突出問題的立法工作，例如，制定英雄烈士保護(hù)方面的法律、探索完善社會(huì)信用體系相關(guān)法律制度等。
堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開放
北大法學(xué)專家強(qiáng)世功表示，在全球化時(shí)代，中國法治建設(shè)無疑會(huì)受到西方法治的影響，也會(huì)積極借鑒吸收西方法治中的有益要素。“這和堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義法治道路并不沖突。”
他表示，改革開放后，中國吸收了很多西方法治的有益成果，尤其是和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的法律。在民法商法和一些經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域法律立法過程中，都借鑒了西方相關(guān)法律的成果。
此外，中國也在致力于涉外法治建設(shè)，大規(guī)模培養(yǎng)涉外法律人才，他說。
2021年1月，中共中央印發(fā)《法治中國建設(shè)規(guī)劃(2020－2025年)》（以下簡稱《法治中國建設(shè)規(guī)劃》），這是第一個(gè)關(guān)于法治中國建設(shè)的專門規(guī)劃。《法治中國建設(shè)規(guī)劃》明確表明，中國將完善涉外法律和規(guī)則體系，以適應(yīng)高水平對(duì)外開放的需要。
《法治中國建設(shè)規(guī)劃》表明，中國將積極參與國際規(guī)則制定，推動(dòng)形成公正合理的國際規(guī)則體系。加快推進(jìn)中國法域外適用的法律體系建設(shè)。
強(qiáng)世功表示，未來中國將逐漸形成一個(gè)獨(dú)特的法律傳統(tǒng)，既吸收了西方現(xiàn)代法律的傳統(tǒng)，又融合了中國古典傳統(tǒng)。（完）
