習近平法治思想系列解讀報道

　　代表作1

　　英文原文

　　NPC opinion solicitation program sees success

　　CAO YIN

　　Carrying copies of draft laws from door to door and conducting interviews with residents to solicit their opinions on legislative affairs is one of Wang Zunyi's major tasks.?Over the past six years, Wang－with residents of the Gaozhuang community that he heads in Xiangyang, Hubei province－has presented more than 100 suggestions to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature.?Thanks to the establishment of a "grassroots legislation opinion collection station", an innovative move initiated by the NPC Standing Committee in July 2015, people like Wang can give their advice directly to the legislature.?Du Jun, deputy director of the standing committee of the people's congress of Xiangyang, the city's legislative body, said this was a bridge between the public and lawmakers.??"It shows that legislation comes from the people and is for the people, and it's an implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law," he said.??A key part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, this was highlighted in November at a central conference in Beijing on work related to overall law-based governance.??President Xi Jinping stressed that work on the rule of law should be people-centered, saying that the advancement of overall law-based governance is dependent on society. He also noted that the legislative process must ensure that people's demands and interests are prioritized.??Du said: "What we should do first to reach the goal of making a law scientifically is to open the door to hear more voices. Whether a law can work depends on whether it can serve the people, protect their rights and regulate their behavior.??"Gathering different opinions on a draft law from people from the grassroots level and various walks of life and finally reaching an agreement is a good reflection of Xi's remarks that China's democracy is a whole-process democracy."??Along with Xiangyang, the NPC Standing Committee also designated the standing committees of legislatures in Lintao, Gansu province, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, and Hongqiao subdistrict of Shanghai to be among the first group of opinion collection stations.??Wang's Gaozhuang community, home to about 9,100 residents and many small and medium-sized enterprises, was named by the standing committee of Xiangyang's legislature as one of its opinion collection stations in late 2015.??"I thought legislation was something I could never be involved in But in recent years, I've been given the chance to speak out about my concerns at home, and I hope lawmakers will resolve the problems," said Wang, 55.??In November 2019, Wang held a seminar with his colleagues in the community and a few legal professionals, at which they discussed a draft amendment to the Minors Protection Law.??"Many parents and teachers were interested in the draft because children's development matters to every family," Wang said while showing several bunches of files containing their suggestions to China Daily. He added that most of the advice residents gave called for schools to strengthen measures to prevent bullying on campus.??The NPC Standing Committee passed the Minors Protection Law last year after three reviews, and it took effect on June 1. The revised law clarifies that schools should take preventive measures to curb bullying and requires them to inform the offenders' parents or guardians in a timely manner and offer counseling for victims.??Wang expressed his sense of fulfillment while talking about the amended law.??"It means legislators attached importance to our suggestions. Our voices on legislative affairs are getting stronger," he said.??From the end of 2016 to April this year, the community had provided more than 140 suggestions on 35 national-level laws, according to Wang.??Targeted collection??He Aiqun, director of the legislative affairs commission of the standing committee of Xiangyang's legislature, said soliciting opinions on legislation from the grassroots is done thoughtfully.??For instance, suggestions on the then draft section on marriage and family in the Civil Code were collected in Gaozhuang, "as such content was something everyone could identify with, so most of the residents had something to share", he said.??In addition, while gathering opinions on a draft amendment to the Wildlife Protection Law in April, He and his colleagues visited people living and working in the forests of Nanzhang county in Xiangyang as well as wildlife protection centers in the city, and they held seminars with relevant departments.??Wei Zhengcai, an official from Xiangyang's natural resources conservation bureau, attended one of those seminars in April. He suggested legislators add a clause in the draft amendment to allow local governments to compensate villagers when their agricultural products are damaged by wild animals.??"I made that suggestion because I heard frequent complaints from villagers who had trouble with wild boars eating or destroying watermelons, which created a dilemma for law enforcement because the animals are protected," Wei explained.??"Some people built wire fences to keep the boars out of their fields, but the fences could harm the animals," he said. "If we just focus on wildlife protection, the villagers may face economic losses or even personal safety risks."??He also suggested that the NPC Standing Committee seeks a balance between protecting wild animals and upholding the people's interests in its next version of the draft amendment.??Such targeted collection is essential, he said.??"It can help us figure out what grassroots law enforcement departments urgently need, and then we give accurate responses to the country's top legislature," he said.??As of April, Xiangyang's legislature had selected 17 smaller collection stations to gain more opinions on legislation. So far, people in the city have provided more than 1,100 suggestions on 58 items of national-level legislation, and 149 of these have been accepted by the NPC Standing Committee.??The NPC Standing Committee designated six other places, including the China University of Political Science and Law, as the second group of collection stations last year after finding success with the first group.??Li Zheng, director of the university's Research Office, said his collection station concentrates more on improving the quality of legislative suggestions, "as some 500 law academics of the university are a think tank for legal research".??"Their legislative views are more professional, and discussions among the experts from different fields will improve lawmaking," he said.??"Many law professionals, such as those focusing on the Constitution, administrative laws and criminal laws, exchanged ideas several times, and their professionalism could provide major support for other suggestions collected from the grassroots," he said.??CAO YIN in Xiangyang, Hubei

　　譯文如下

　　以人民為中心，科學立法初見成效

　　（2021年8月24日《中國日報》頭版見報轉4版）

　　中國日報記者：曹音湖北襄陽報道

　　湖北省襄陽市高莊社區書記王遵義的日常工作之一就是拿著法律草案復印件挨家挨戶走訪居民，征求他們對草案和立法事務的意見建議。

　　過去六年里，高莊社區向全國人大常委會提出的建議超過百份。

　　老百姓可以如此直接向全國最高立法機關提出建議意見，要歸功于全國人大常委會法工委“基層立法聯系點”的設立。

　　“基層立法聯系點是公眾與立法者之間的橋梁。它的設立體現了立法依靠人民、為了人民，也是對習近平法治思想的遵循貫徹。”襄陽市人大常委會副主任杜軍在接受中國日報記者采訪時這樣說道。

　　2020年11月召開的中央全面依法治國工作會議，確立了習近平法治思想在全面依法治國工作中的指導地位。作為習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的重要組成部分，習近平法治思想是全面依法治國的根本遵循和行動指南。

　　在中央全面依法治國工作會議上，習近平總書記強調，要堅持以人民為中心。全面依法治國最廣泛、最深厚的基礎是人民，推進全面依法治國的根本目的是依法保障人民權益，要堅持全面推進科學立法。

　　杜軍說：“貫徹習近平法治思想于立法者而言，首先就是要打開立法之門、傾聽百姓之聲，做到科學立法，因為一部法律能否發揮作用，取決于它能否為人民服務、保障人民權益、規范人民行為。”

　　“此外，就一部法律草案充分征求基層各方意見，最后達成一致，也是全過程人民民主的體現。”杜軍補充說道。

　　2015年7月，全國人大常委會法工委報經批準，將湖北省襄陽市人大常委會、甘肅省臨洮縣人大常委會、江西省景德鎮市人大常委會、上海市虹橋街道辦事處設立為首批基層立法聯系點。

　　為更廣泛、更全面地征求人民群眾對立法工作的意見建議，襄陽市人大常委會又在全市范圍內進一步設立了站點。王遵義所在的高莊社區有9100戶居民和很多中小企業，并于2015年底成為了站點之一。

　　55歲的王遵義說：“以前，我覺得自己不可能和立法扯上關系，但這些年，我發現立法其實離老百姓不遠。大家的困難、想法在家門口隨時可以提，通過基層立法聯系點反映上去，進而得以解決。”

　　2019年11月，王遵義邀請幾位法律專家與社區居民一起就《中華人民共和國未成年人保護法》修訂草案召開了一次研討會。

　　王遵義拿出幾疊寫滿了居民建議意見的文件，并告訴記者，這部法律草案征求意見時，居民十分踴躍。

　　“社區有很多家長、老師，他們對這部法律草案都很關注。畢竟，孩子的成長與每個家庭都息息相關。”王遵義說，“當時大家的建議普遍集中在呼吁校方加大力度、采取措施避免校園欺凌。”

　　2020年10月，《中華人民共和國未成年人保護法》修訂案經十三屆全國人大常委會第22次會議表決通過，于2021年6月1日施行。新修訂的法律明確規定：學校應當建立學生欺凌防控工作制度，對學生欺凌行為應當立即制止，通知實施欺凌和被欺凌未成年學生的父母或者其他監護人參與欺凌行為的認定和處理，并對相關未成年學生及時給予心理輔導。

　　談到這部修訂后的法律，王遵義成就感滿滿。

　　他指著與校園欺凌相關的條款，對記者說：“這就說明立法者重視我們老百姓的建議，聽見了我們的聲音。”

　　據他介紹，自2016年底至2021年4月，高莊社區共對35部國家級法律草案提出了超過140條建議。

　　“精準”征集

　　襄陽市人大常委會法工委主任何愛群表示，每部法律草案的建議征集都是經過深思熟慮的，并非漫無目的。

　　例如，《中華人民共和國民法典婚姻家庭編》草案征求意見時，法工委就選擇了高莊社區。“因為草案的內容就是老百姓關心的家事。他們對此有很多好的想法、建議，他們也樂于把這些與我們分享。”何愛群說。

　　2021年4月，當《中華人民共和國野生動物保護法》修訂草案開始征求意見時，何愛群和同事們就沒再去高莊社區，而是選擇前往襄陽市南漳縣和市野生動物保護中心進行調研，并組織座談。

　　襄陽市自然資源和規劃局調研員魏正才就參與了這次調研和座談會。在與襄陽市人大常委會基層立法聯系點工作人員討論的過程中，他建議法律草案增設一款，即允許地方政府就野生動物致害設立補償制度。

　　“之所以提出該建議，正由于我工作中碰到的‘兩難’窘境。我發現一些農戶在田地周圍搭建鐵絲圍欄，詢問中他們跟我抱怨，說這是不得以而為之，因為野豬常來糟蹋農作物。他們的本意就是想保護自己的農作物，并不是傷害野豬。”魏正才說。

　　“如果我們的法律只考慮保護野生動物，那農戶可能會面臨野生動物給他們帶來的經濟損失，甚至人身安全損害。”

　　因此，他建議全國人大常委會在修法過程中尋求一個平衡點，既要保護野生動物，也要保護這些農戶的合法利益。

　　在他看來，精準征求意見十分必要。

　　“這有利于立法聯系點的工作人員及時弄清執法中的問題，進而可以準確地向全國人大常委會法工委作出反饋。”

　　截至2021年4月，襄陽市人大常委會已設立17個基層意見收集站點，以便更廣泛地收集立法建議。到目前為止，襄陽市共就58部國家級法律草案提出了超過1100條建議，其中149條被全國人大常委會采納。

　　首批基層立法聯系點初見成效后，全國人大常委會法工委又建立了包括中國政法大學在內的六個第二批基層立法聯系點。

　　中國政法大學科研處處長栗崢表示，作為法律研究基地、法律智庫，中國政法大學更注重提升立法建議的質量。

　　“畢竟，法律學者們的立法建議更專業，而且來自不同法學領域的觀點碰撞也有利于立法進一步完善。”栗崢說。

　　“以基層立法聯系點為平臺，憲法、行政法、刑法學等領域的專家們可以就法律草案充分進行頭腦風暴、意見交鋒，他們的專業意見也是政法大學基層立法聯系點的重要支撐。”他補充說道。（完）